Differences of prokaryotic and eukaryotic

No catecholamine sensors have been well described yet in other bacteria. enterica, the stress-associated mammalian hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine trigger a signaling cascade by interacting with the QseC histidine sensor kinase protein. More recently, these molecules were also shown to influence the physiology of some Gram-positive bacteria like Enterococcus faecalis. Among them, catecholamines hormones epinephrine/norepinephrine, released during stress and physical effort, or used therapeutically as inotropes have been described to affect bacterial behaviors (i.e., motility, biofilm formation, virulence) of various Gram-negative bacteria (e.g., Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio sp.). Eukaryotic signals such as hormones, neurotransmitters or immune system molecules have been shown to modulate bacterial physiology. The hormonal communication between microorganisms and their hosts, dubbed inter-kingdom signaling, is a recent field of research. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes have coexisted for millions of years. 3MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom.2EA 3884, LBCM, IUEM, UniversitГ© de Bretagne-Sud, Lorient, France.1Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement EA 4312, UniversitГ© de Rouen, Normandie UniversitГ©, Г‰vreux, France.Feuilloley 1, Mohamed Zommiti 1 and Nathalie Connil 1* Amine Mohamed Boukerb 1вЂ , Melyssa Cambronel 1вЂ , Sophie Rodrigues 2, Ouiza Mesguida 1, Rikki Knowlton 3, Marc G.

Differences of prokaryotic and eukaryotic